D'Alembert
Mũgarũrĩro wa beti ũrĩa wongagĩrĩra gĩthimo kĩmwe thutha wa hasara na ũkaruta kĩmwe thutha wa ũhootani.
Ũrĩa kiugo gĩkĩ kĩhũthagĩrwo
Mũgarũrĩro wa betimũbangoMũgarũrĩro wa betiWatho o wothe ũgarũraga mbeca cia beti kũringana na mĩico ĩrĩa ĩhĩtũkĩte. Mĩgarũrĩro ya hasara ĩmĩambararagia thutha wa hasara, ya ũhootani thutha wa ũhootani.Thoma wothe → wa hasara ũrĩa mũhũthũ mũno ũrĩa ũhũthagĩrwo: mbeca cia beti ciambataga kahora ihinda-inĩ rĩa kũhootwo na itiambataga na hinya. Hasara ĩrĩa yetagĩrĩrwohithabuHasara ĩrĩa yetagĩrĩrwoThogora ũrĩa wetagĩrĩrwo ũingĩhĩtio na mbeca ciothe iria ciabetirwo; mbeca iria ithiraga kũringana na gatagatĩ ihinda-inĩ rĩa mũthako kana ihinda rĩngĩ.Thoma wothe → o na rĩu nĩ 2.70% ya mbeca ciothe cia betimbecaMbeca ciothe cia betiMbeca ciothe iria ciabetirwo ihinda-inĩ rĩa mũthako kana ihinda rĩngĩ, hamwe na mbeca cia ũhootani iria ciabetirwo rĩngĩ. Ningĩ metagwo: handle, action.Thoma wothe →.
Jean le Rond d'Alembert, mũtaũku mũnene wa hithabu, eetĩkagia atĩ mbeca ya mũthiringi yagĩrĩire mũno kuuma mwena ũmwe thutha wa kuuma mwena ũrĩa ũngĩ. Mũtaratara ũrĩa ũrĩ na rĩĩtwa rĩake wakĩtwo igũrũ rĩa ihĩtia rĩu.