Ũhoro wa tene na mĩtugo · Filimu na mabuku · ndagĩka 8

Rureti mabuku-inĩ

Ũrĩa aandĩki a mabuku ma ng'ano mahũthagĩra rureti kwandĩka ũhoro wa mbeca, wĩriri mũingĩ na mweke.

Macokio ma ihenya

Kuuma The Gambler ya Dostoevsky nginya Klondike ya Jack London na Casino Royale ya Fleming, rureti mabuku-inĩ ma ng'ano nĩ ũhoro wa mũthaki, na ti wa gĩthiũrũrũki. Mabuku marĩa mega makĩria nĩ mataaragĩria ihĩtia, ũguũru na mũtaratara kuuma thĩinĩ, na ũma ũrĩa tũbuku twa mĩbango tũtarĩ twahota.

Lablée, La Roulette
1801
Dostoevsky, The Gambler
1866
London, Shorty Dreams
1912
Fleming, Casino Royale
1953

Lablée, 1801

La Roulette, ou le Jour nĩ ibuku rĩa ng'ano rĩrĩa o ũguo rĩrĩ na ũtaarĩrio wa mbere ũrĩ biũ wa mũthako ũyũ: nyũmba cia Palais-Royal, therogĩthiũrũrũkiTheroKanyũmba kamwe ka rangi wa matu karĩa gatahumbagĩrwo nĩ beti o na ĩmwe ya marĩhi maigana, ya dazeni kana ya koramu; nĩkĩo kĩrehi kĩa uumithio wa kasino. Ningĩ: thero ĩmwe, 0.Thoma wothe → igĩrĩ, ramani ya methaindoRamani ya methaKĩhari kĩa beti kĩrĩa kĩcabĩtwo metha-inĩ. Ningĩ metagwo: metha, gĩtambaya.Thoma wothe →, ciugo cia akurupiyeandũKurupiyeMũgai wa metha ya rureti.Thoma wothe →. Nĩkĩo kĩhumo kĩa mbere kĩa kĩambĩrĩria kĩa rureti na gũtirĩ o ta mũndũ ũrĩ warĩthoma ta ibuku rĩa ng'ano, na hihi ũguo nĩ wa kĩhooto.

Dostoevsky, 1866

The Gambler nĩ rĩaheanirwo na mũromo mĩthenya-inĩ 26 nĩguo kĩrĩkanĩro kĩhingio na thiirĩ wa beti ũrĩa wagĩĩte Wiesbaden na Homburg ũrĩhwo. Mũndũ ũrĩa ũheanaga ũhoro, Alexei, nĩ mũrutani nyũmba-inĩ ya Arusi kũu “Roulettenburg” ũrĩa ũhootaga ũtonga metha-inĩ na akaũrwo nĩguo, o na we mwene akoorwo, ibuku-inĩ rĩu. Ũtaarĩrio wa metha, wa mĩtaratara ĩrĩa athaki mahũthagĩra, wa ũma atĩ mũhari no nginya ũthire na wa ũrĩa ũhootani ũiguagwo ta ũũgĩ nĩguo ũhoro mwega makĩria wa ihĩtia rĩa mũthaki wa beti rũthiomi-inĩ o rũothe, rwandĩkĩtwo mĩaka ta mĩrongo ĩtano mbere ya njirũbetiNjirũBeti ya marĩhi maigana ya namba 18 njirũ. Kĩbaranja: noir.Thoma wothe → 26 na karine kamwe mbere ya ũthuthuria wa mĩtugo ya mbeca.

wĩramwakakĩrĩa rĩĩkaga wega
Lablée, La Roulette, ou le Jour1801mũthako we mwene; ũtaarĩrio wa mbere ũrĩ biũ
Pushkin, The Queen of Spades1834mũtaratara ta wĩriri mũingĩ (faro, ti rureti)
Thackeray, Vanity Fair1848andũ a kasino cia itũũra cia maaĩ ma ũgima; Becky metha-inĩ
Dostoevsky, The Gambler1866ihĩtia kuuma thĩinĩ; ũguũru; kasino ya itũũra rĩa maaĩ ma ũgima
London, “Shorty Dreams” (Smoke Bellew)1912mũhootani ũmwe tu wa ma: gĩthiũrũrũki kĩgonyokete, na ti mũtaratara
Fleming, Casino Royale1953Bond abetaga dazeni igĩrĩ; kasino ta nyũmba ya mĩthako ya rũrũgamo
Bass, The Eudaemonic Pie1985ũhoro wa ma: ũũgĩ wa fizikia ũgĩũkĩrĩra gĩthiũrũrũki
mabuku ma ũhoro wa ma wa kasino ta ma Mezrichmĩaka ya 2000mũtaratara ũrĩa ũrutaga wĩra (hĩndĩ ciothe nĩ mũthako wa kadi; ti rureti o na rĩ)

Bad Homburg na kasino cia matũũra ma kũhoniaRoulettenburg ya Dostoevsky

Thackeray na itũũra cia maaĩ ma ũgima

Vanity Fair ĩthiraga na Becky Sharp arĩ metha-inĩ cia itũũra rĩa maaĩ ma ũgima rĩa Ujerumani, na gĩcunjĩ kĩu nĩ mũcoro mũũgĩ wa andũ arĩa maikaraga mathiũrũrũkĩirie gĩthiũrũrũki kĩa rureti mĩaka-inĩ ya 1840: arĩa monaganĩte, arĩa marĩ na mwĩhoko, arĩa matarĩ na wĩra wa gwĩka na athaki a wĩra. Thackeray nĩonete ũguo; Baden-Baden yarĩ njĩra-inĩ ya o mũgendi wothe wa Ngeretha. Smoke ya Turgenev (1867) nĩ ĩrĩ nyũmba-inĩ o icio.

Arĩa monaganĩte, arĩa marĩ na mwĩhoko, arĩa matarĩ na wĩra wa gwĩka na athaki a wĩra mathiũrũrũkĩirie metha ya rureti ya itũũra rĩa maaĩ ma ũgima.

Jack London, 1912

“Shorty Dreams”, ng'ano ĩrĩ ibuku-inĩ rĩa Smoke Bellew, nĩyo mwandĩko ũmwe wa ng'ano ũtaaragĩria mũthaki wa rureti ũhootaga na ma, tondũ mũthaki ũcio ndahũthagĩra mũtaratara. Smoke Bellew, mũndũ wa San Francisco watuĩkire mũcaria thahabu Klondike, aikara metha-inĩ ya rureti nyũmba-inĩ ya njohi ya Elkhorn kũu Dawson na akambĩrĩria kũhoota, ũtukũ thutha wa ũtukũ, dola 3,500 o rĩmwe. Mũrata wake Shorty atua atĩ no nginya akorwo nĩ kũroota araroota. Athaki a beti a Dawson, arĩa mamenyete kuuma kũrĩ “ataarani a hithabu a ndũnibathitĩ” atĩ rureti yo nyene nĩyo mũtaratara ũmwe tu, maiyũria mabuku manini makĩgeria kũmenya beti ciake na matikone kĩndũ, tondũ Smoke nĩagarũragia ũthaki wake na kwenda, rĩmwe akĩũrwo nĩ beti mĩrongo ĩna cia mũhaka wa igũrũ ũmwe thutha wa ũrĩa ũngĩ nĩguo atukanie ũhoro.

Ene mĩthako ikũmi a itũũra rĩu manyitanagia mbeca cia metha dola 10,000 nyũmba-inĩ ya thutha na makamwĩta oke acindane nacio. Athiria icio thaa-inĩ ĩmwe na nuthu. Makĩona atĩ no nginya manyihie mĩhaka yao nginya senti ĩmwe kana mahinge metha, mamũũria angĩendia mũtaratara ũcio na mbeca ciigana atĩa. Dola ngiri mĩrongo ĩtatũ, oiga, ngiri ithatũ o mũndũ, irĩhwo na rũkũngũ rwa thahabu, na nĩekwĩrĩkanĩra atĩ ndarĩ hĩndĩ akaũthaka rĩngĩ Dawson. Marĩha. Hĩndĩ ĩyo akamaonia: mũbiraindoMũbiraMũbira mũnini ũrĩa ũikagio njĩra-inĩ ũkĩhaana ũrorete mwena ũrĩa ũngĩ wa rota. Mĩbira ya rĩu nĩ ya ivorine kana Teflon, 18–21 mm.Thoma wothe → ũngĩrekio rĩrĩa 9 ĩrĩ mbere ya mũrũgamĩrĩri wa metha, 26 nĩ ĩhootaga; 11 ĩngĩkorwo mbere nĩ ĩrehaga thero igĩrĩmũthembaThero igĩrĩKanyũmba ka 00 ka gĩthiũrũrũki kĩa Amerika. Gũkorwo kwako nĩ kwambararagia uumithio wa kasino kuuma 2.70% nginya 5.26%.Thoma wothe →; thero igĩrĩ ĩngĩkorwo mbere ĩrehaga 32. “Ti hĩndĩ ciothe ũguo ũkoragwo, no kaingĩ nĩ ũguo.” Big Burke arũgamia gĩthiũrũrũki, akĩrora, akarora riiko rĩrĩa rĩrĩ hakuhĩ na metha, na akaruma. Gĩthiũrũrũki nĩ kĩgonyokete nĩ ũndũ wa ũrugarĩ. Gũtirĩ hĩndĩ kĩarĩ mũtaratara; kĩarĩ gĩthiũrũrũki kĩrĩ na ũrũmbĩrĩriũthuthuriaGĩthiũrũrũki kĩrĩ na ũrũmbĩrĩriGĩthiũrũrũki kĩrĩa mahĩtia ma mwĩrĩ wakĩo matũmaga tũnyũmba tũmwe tũgĩe na mweke mũnene gũkĩra 1/37. Nĩ kĩrigu, na no kĩmenyeke tu na mĩthiũrũrũko ngiri nyingĩ yandĩkĩtwo.Thoma wothe → na mũndũ wonire ũguo.

London nĩaikarĩte heho-inĩ Klondike mwaka wa 1897–98 na nĩamenyete nyũmba cia njohi. Ng'ano ĩno nĩ gĩthomo kĩrĩ biũ kĩa mũthako wa gũcaria uumithio mĩaka ta mĩrongo ĩtano mbere ya Thorp: rora, andĩka, beti gĩcunjĩgĩthiũrũrũkiGĩcunjĩ kĩa gĩthiũrũrũkiRũhande rũrũmanĩte rwa tũnyũmba gĩthiũrũrũki-inĩ, ti gĩkundi kĩa namba ramani-inĩ ya metha.Thoma wothe →, garũra mũhari nĩguo kasino ĩtikone kĩrĩa ũrona, na wendie mbere ya marute metha. Joseph Jagger nĩekĩte ũndũ wa ma Monte Carlo hakuhĩ na 1880; ng'ano ya London nĩ ya gũthekithia makĩria, na morutani ma athaki a beti ma gĩtũmi gĩa mĩtaratara kwaga gũtũma nĩ ma o ta ũndũ o wothe tovuti-inĩ ĩno.

Big Burke arũgamia gĩthiũrũrũki na arora riiko rĩrĩa ũrugarĩ warĩo wagonyorete.

Rureti ya Monte CarloNg'ano: mũbango wa rureti ũhootaga hĩndĩ ciothe

Fleming, 1953

Casino Royale nĩ mũno ũhoro wa baccarat. Rureti-inĩ Bond abetaga dazenibetiDazeni1–12, 13–24 kana 25–36, marĩhi 2:1.Thoma wothe → igĩrĩ cia mbere na mũhaka wa igũrũ wa metha, akĩhumbĩra icunjĩ igĩrĩ harĩ ithatũ cia ramani ya metha, na mũhari-inĩ ũcio ahootaga mĩthiũrũrũko ĩtandatũ harĩ mũgwanja; Fleming atũmaga oone atĩ o mũthiũrũrũko ndũrĩ na ũnyitanĩri na ũrĩa wahĩtũka. “Mũbango wa James Bond” ũrĩa wendagio Intanetĩ-inĩ, beti igayanĩtio harĩ 19–36, mĩhari ĩĩrĩbetiMĩhari ĩĩrĩNamba ithathatũ mĩhari-inĩ ĩĩrĩ ĩrĩa ĩrĩ hamwe, marĩhi 5:1. Kĩbaranja: sixain.Thoma wothe → 13–18 na thero, ndũrĩ ibuku-inĩ rĩu, o na kana ibuku-inĩ o rĩothe rĩa Fleming rĩrĩa twarorire; mũndũ wa mbere waũheire rĩĩtwa rĩa Bond ndũũĩkĩte. Beti icio cierĩ ciũraga 2.70% gĩthiũrũrũki-inĩ kĩa thero ĩmwe. Gĩcunjĩ kĩa Mĩbango kĩrĩ na hithabu.

Ũthaki wa Bond ibuku-inĩ: mũhaka wa igũrũ wa metha harĩ dazeni igĩrĩ cia mbere.

Mĩhaka ya metha ya rureti

Mabuku ma ũhoro wa ma

The Eudaemonic Pie ya Thomas Bass (1985) nĩ ĩheanaga ũhoro wa kombiuta cia iratũ na nĩrĩo ibuku rĩrĩa rĩega makĩria rĩa fizikia ya rureti harĩ mũthomi wa kawaida. Richard Epstein na Stewart Ethier nĩo maandĩkire hithabu ĩrĩa ya ũritũ. Beating the Wheel ya Russell Barnhart (1992) nĩ ĩcookanĩrĩtie ũhoro wa tene wa mũthako wa ũrũmbĩrĩri. Gũtirĩ mũndũ ũrĩ wandĩka ibuku rĩthomeka igũrũ rĩa gĩtũmi gĩa mĩtaratara kwaga gũtũma, tondũ ũhoro ũcio ũiganaga karatathi kamwe, karĩa tovuti ĩno ĩrĩ nako.

Rureti karatathi-inĩ
1801

Lablée. Mũthako ũgĩtaarĩrio.

1834

Pushkin. Mũtaratara ta ũgũrũki (harĩ faro).

1848

Thackeray. Kĩrĩndĩ kĩa kasino cia itũũra cia maaĩ ma ũgima.

1866

Dostoevsky. Mũthaki wa beti ũrĩa ũtaarĩtio biũ.

1892

Rwĩmbo: “The Man Who Broke the Bank at Monte Carlo”.

1912

London. Smoke ahoota gĩthiũrũrũki kĩgonyokete Dawson na endia “mũtaratara”.

1953

Fleming. Bond abeti dazeni igĩrĩ.

1985–92

Bass; Barnhart. Mabuku ma ũhoro wa ma wa kũhoota gĩthiũrũrũki.

2010

Ethier. Hithabu, ĩrĩ biũ.

Eudaemons

Kĩrĩa mabuku ma ng'ano mamenyete

Atĩ mũtaratara nĩ njĩra ya kwĩigua ũrathana. Atĩ ũhootani ũiguagwo ta ũmenyo. Atĩ mũhari ũrĩa ũtangĩthiĩ na mbere nĩ ũthiaga na mbere. Atĩ mũthaki ũmwe tu ũhootaga ma nĩ ũrĩa wonete ũndũ ũtarĩ wega gĩthiũrũrũki-inĩ, na atĩ nĩagĩrĩirwo nĩ kwendia narua. Atĩ metha nĩho mũndũ wa ng'ano onanagia we nĩ ũ rĩrĩa mũico ũtarĩ moko-inĩ make. Hithabu yugaga maũndũ o macio na namba; aandĩki a ng'ano nĩo maamaugire mbere.

Ciũria

Nĩ ibuku rĩrĩkũ rĩa ng'ano ingĩthoma mbere?

The Gambler. Nĩ rĩkuhĩ na nĩrĩo ũhoro wothe.

The Gambler nĩ ũhoro wa mwandĩki we mwene?

Mũno. Hasara cia Dostoevsky we mwene, mwandĩki wake wa ihenya (ũrĩa aahikirie) na itũũra rĩa maaĩ ma ũgima ciothe irĩ kuo.

Fleming nĩwe wambĩrĩirie mũgayanĩrio wa Bond?

Aca. Casino Royale-inĩ Bond abetaga dazeni igĩrĩ. Mũgayanĩrio wa 19–36, 13–18 na thero waheirwo rĩĩtwa rĩake thutha-inĩ, nĩ mũndũ ũngĩ.

Ũũgĩ wa Smoke Bellew no ũhoteke?

Ĩĩ. Gĩthiũrũrũki kĩgonyokete kana kĩhĩngamĩte nĩkĩo Jagger ahũthĩrire Monte Carlo, na gĩcunjĩ kĩa Ũthuthuria nĩ gĩtaaragĩria ũrĩa ũngĩkĩmenya. Dola ngiri mĩrongo ĩtatũ nĩcio gĩcunjĩ kĩa ng'ano.

Gĩa gũtheka

Aandĩki a ng'ano nĩ maamenyete. O nao ũguo ndwamateithirie.

Aandĩki a ng'ano nĩ maamenyete. O nao ũguo ndwamateithirie.

Kũrĩa ũhoro uumĩte

  1. Lablée, J. La Roulette, ou le Jour. Paris, 1801.
  2. London, J. Smoke Bellew. Century, 1912. “Shorty Dreams” yonekire mbere Cosmopolitan, 1911.
  3. Bass, T. A. The Eudaemonic Pie. Houghton Mifflin, 1985.
  4. Barnhart, R. T. Beating the Wheel. Lyle Stuart, 1992.
  5. Kavanagh, T. M. Dice, Cards, Wheels: A Different History of French Culture. University of Pennsylvania Press, 2005.
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