Ũhoro wa tene na mĩtugo · Ithiũrũrũki igĩte ngumo · ndagĩka 8

Kasino ya Monte-Carlo

Nyũmba ĩrĩa yatũmire thero ĩmwe ĩgĩe ngumo, na ng'ano iria ciatũmire nyũmba ĩyo ĩgĩe ngumo.

Macokio ma ihenya

Casino de Monte-Carlo yahingũrirwo mwaka wa 1863 na ĩgĩakwo rĩngĩ nĩ Charles Garnier mwaka wa 1878; nĩyo kĩonereria kĩa kasino ciothe cia gũthiĩ kũhurũka kuuma hĩndĩ ĩyo. Metha ciayo cia rureti ihũthagĩra ithiũrũrũki cia thero ĩmwe na mawatho ma Ũbaranja, na nĩcio ciumĩte ng'ano iria imenyekete mũno cia mũthako ũyũ.

yahingũrirwo
1863
mũtaarani wa mwako
Charles Garnier, 1878
mawatho
thero ĩmwe, la partage / en prison
andũ a kũu
nĩ magiririo kuuma mĩaka ya 1860

Nyũmba

Kasino ya mbere yarĩ nyũmba nini ya gũikara. Mwaka wa 1878 Charles Garnier, oimĩte kũrĩkia Paris Opéra, nĩongereire Salle Garnier na mbere ya nyũmba ĩrĩa yonekaga picha-inĩ ciothe: tawa igĩrĩ ndaaya, kĩhaaro kĩerekeire iria, na kĩhaaro kĩa mĩthako kĩrĩ na nyũmba cia thahabu ciakĩtwo nĩguo mũthaki aigue atĩ kũũrwo nĩ mbeca gũkũ nĩ ta kũrĩ gĩcunjĩ kĩa andũ aya. Salle Europe, ĩrĩ na ngirathi cia rangi na tawa inyanya cia kũrengerio, ĩkoretwo na metha cia rureti kuuma yahingũrwo na o na rĩu irĩ kuo.

Metha

Ithiũrũrũki cia therogĩthiũrũrũkiTheroKanyũmba kamwe ka rangi wa matu karĩa gatahumbagĩrwo nĩ beti o na ĩmwe ya marĩhi maigana, ya dazeni kana ya koramu; nĩkĩo kĩrehi kĩa uumithio wa kasino. Ningĩ: thero ĩmwe, 0.Thoma wothe → ĩmwe kũndũ guothe, na ramani cia methaindoRamani ya methaKĩhari kĩa beti kĩrĩa kĩcabĩtwo metha-inĩ. Ningĩ metagwo: metha, gĩtambaya.Thoma wothe → cia Kĩbaranja, beti cia kwĩra mũgaimethaBeti ya kwĩra mũgaiBeti ĩrĩa ĩĩragwo mũgai handũ ha kũigwo na guoko, kaingĩ beti ya gĩcunjĩ kĩa gĩthiũrũrũki ta voisins kana tiers. Ningĩ “beti ya kũheana na mũromo”.Thoma wothe → nĩ cietagĩrĩrwo, na mũthaki nĩ ethuragĩra la partagewathoLa partageWatho wa Ũbaranja: thero yoka, nuthu ya mbeca cia beti ya marĩhi maigana nĩ ĩcookagio. Ũnyihagia uumithio wa kasino beti-inĩ icio nginya nuthu, 1.35%.Thoma wothe → kana en prisonwathoEn prisonWatho wa Ũbaranja: thero yoka, beti ya marĩhi maigana ĩgirĩrio nginya mũthiũrũrũko ũrĩa ũrũmĩrĩire handũ ha kũhootwo. Ũnyihagia uumithio wa kasino beti-inĩ icio nginya nuthu.Thoma wothe → harĩ beti cia marĩhi maiganabetiBeti ya marĩhi maiganaNdune/njirũ, itagayanĩka/igayanĩka, nene/nini. Namba 18, marĩhi 1:1.Thoma wothe → rĩrĩa thero yoka. Mĩhaka ya thĩ nĩ ĩrĩ igũrũ gũkĩra kasino nyingĩ cia Rũraya, na mĩhumbĩre ĩrĩa yagĩrĩire nĩ ĩbatũkagĩra kuuma hwaĩ-inĩ. Nyũmba cia hitho irĩ na mĩhaka ya igũrũ makĩria irĩ thutha wa iria cia andũ othe. Indo nĩ cia rĩu; no mĩtugo, hamwe na kiugo kĩa mũgai “rien ne va plusFR · mũtarataraRien ne va plus“Gũtirĩ kĩndũ gĩgũthiĩ rĩngĩ.” Kĩanĩrĩra kĩa Kĩbaranja kĩa gũtirĩ beti ingĩ.Thoma wothe →”, nĩ ya karine ka 19.

nyũmbayahingũrirwoũrĩa ĩhaanarureti
Salle Europe1865nyũmba ya mbere ya mĩthako ĩrĩ na thahabumetha nyingĩ cia thero ĩmwe
Salle Garnier1878nyũmba ya opera; mĩthako mĩthenya ya mwanya—
Salons Privésmĩaka ya 1890mĩhaka ya igũrũ makĩria, kĩhoorerithero ĩmwe, mĩhaka ya thĩ ĩrĩ igũrũ
Salle Blanche1903njerũ na thahabu; rĩu nĩ ya mĩcemaniohĩndĩ imwe
Salle Médecin1910nyũmba nene makĩria, Belle Époquemetha ũtukũ ũrĩa andũ maingĩhĩte

Watho wa En PrisonWatho wa La Partage

Hithabu iria ciakire bũrũri

Na 2.70% harĩ beti nyingĩ na 1.35% harĩ marĩhi maigana, uumithio ũcio warĩ wa thĩ gũkĩra wa mũcindani o wothe. Ũingĩ wa beti nĩguo wacookagia: macukumi kuuma Nice kuuma 1868, hoteri kĩrĩma-igũrũ, na ihinda rĩa athiĩ rĩathiaga heho yothe. Mwaka wa 1869 kasino nĩyarĩhagĩra bũrũri na igooti rĩa mũcara rĩkĩehererio. Gĩthomo kĩrĩa Blanc arutire nĩkĩo tovuti ĩno ĩcookagĩra: uumithio × mbeca ciothe cia betimbecaMbeca ciothe cia betiMbeca ciothe iria ciabetirwo ihinda-inĩ rĩa mũthako kana ihinda rĩngĩ, hamwe na mbeca cia ũhootani iria ciabetirwo rĩngĩ. Ningĩ metagwo: handle, action.Thoma wothe → nĩguo wĩra wothe, na mbeca ciothe cia beti nĩ ciĩtĩkagĩra thogora.

Gũceerera

Nyũmba nene nĩ ciĩtĩkagĩria ageni makĩrĩte mĩaka 18 marĩ na kĩbaacũ kĩa wĩtĩkio; andũ a kũu o na rĩu nĩ magiririo gũthaka beti. Nĩ kũrĩ mbeca cia kũingĩra nyũmba cia mĩthako, na handũ hatarĩ marĩhi harĩ na mashini cia slot. Ũngĩthiĩ kuona rureti, Salle Europe hwaĩ-inĩ tene nĩho handũ ha kũrora: mũgai, kĩhũũri kĩraaya, cipumbecaCipuKĩndũ kĩonanagia mbeca ciathimĩtwo, kĩigagwo ramani-inĩ ya metha nĩguo ũbeti. Ningĩ: check.Thoma wothe → ikĩanagwo na Kĩbaranja, na gĩthiũrũrũki gĩtagarũrĩte mweke wakĩo kuuma 1863.

Ciũria

Mũndũ o wothe no athake?

Ageni makĩrĩte mĩaka 18 marĩ na kĩbaacũ kĩa wĩtĩkio, mehumbĩte wega. Andũ a Monaco ti etĩkĩrie gũthaka beti.

Mweke nĩ mwega gũkĩra kũndũ kũngĩ?

Thero ĩmwe na mawatho ma Ũbaranja nĩyo rureti ya kawaida njega makĩria kũndũ guothe; kasino nyingĩ cia Rũraya nĩ ciĩganaine nayo.

Mũhari ũrĩa wa 1913 nĩ ũririkanagwo?

Ti na njĩra ya ũnene. Kasino ndĩrĩ yetĩkĩra metha kana mũthenya, tiga ũhoro ũrĩa wĩtĩkĩrĩtwo.

Gĩa gũtheka

Uumithio mũnini, beti nyingĩ, njĩra ya macukumi na mũtaarani wa mwako mwega mũno.

Uumithio mũnini, beti nyingĩ, njĩra ya macukumi na mũtaarani wa mwako mwega mũno.

Kũrĩa ũhoro uumĩte

  1. Schwartz, D. G. Roll the Bones: The History of Gambling. Gotham, 2006.
  2. Kavanagh, T. M. Dice, Cards, Wheels: A Different History of French Culture. University of Pennsylvania Press, 2005.
  3. Barnhart, R. T. Beating the Wheel. Lyle Stuart, 1992.
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